Reservoir Simulation Software

ECLIPSE reservoir simulators have been the benchmark for commercial reservoir simulation for over 25 years because of their breadth of capabilities, parallel scalability, utility computing, and unmatched platform coverage.

Black-Oil Simulation
The black-oil model assumes that the reservoir fluids consist of three components (water, oil, and gas) in a three-phase system (liquid, gas, and gas in solution), with components miscible in all proportions. Four components can also be considered for modeling reservoir recovery mechanisms when injected fluids are miscible with hydrocarbons in the reservoir.

Compositional Simulation
The ECLIPSE compositional simulator is useful when an equation of state is required to describe reservoir fluid phase behavior or the compositional changes associated with depth. A compositional model is the right choice for studying condensates or volatile crude oils, gas injection programs, and secondary recovery studies. Knowledge of compositional behavior is also required for accurate planning and design of surface production facilities. Compositional simulation is ideally suited for

• gas injection (due to gas stripping)
• miscible flooding (as the injection gas goes into solution with oil)
• carbon dioxide flooding, with the gas soluble in both oil and water
• thick reservoirs with a compositional gradient due to gravity
• reservoirs with fluid compositions near the bubblepoint
• high-pressure, high-temperature reservoirs
• natural-fracture reservoir modeling.

Thermal Simulation
Because of high fluid densities and viscosities,and the complicated physics involved when massive changes take place in reservoir temperature and calorific energy, advanced thermal recovery methods are typically required for heavy oil, extra heavy oil, and bitumen reservoirs.

Streamline

FrontSim is a three-phase, 3D simulator that models multiphase fluid flow along streamlines. FrontSim allows you to visualize fluid flow in the reservoir. This offers more information than finite difference simulators on key reservoir problems like model ranking and upscaling, water flood management and history matching.



Add-On Options
By selecting from the wide range of add-on options, you can tailor an ECLIPSE reservoir simulation solution to your project to enhance the scope of your simulation studies.

• Local Grid Refinement
• Gas Lift Optimization
• Gas Field Operations
• Gas Calorific Value-Based Control
• Geomechanics
• Coalbed Methane
• Networks
• Reservoir Coupling
• Flux Boundary
• Environmental Traces
• Pseudo-Compositional
• EOR Foam
• EOR Polymer
• EOR Solvent
• EOR Surfactant
• Wellbore Friction
• Multisegmented Wells
• Unencoded Gradients
• Parallel ECLIPSE
• Open-ECLIPSE Developer's Kit

Women in the Petroleum Industry

Petroleum Engineering is a vast field with various opportunities for women to participate and contribute. The popular fields for women include geology and geoscience, reservoir engineering and even drilling and production. There are however burning issues related to the women in the oil and gas sector. Here i would like to quote this extract from this link

"This exploitation is of special concern to women because it hits them twice as hard. Women's labour is cheaper than men's labour because our rights are marginalized in a patriarchal/capitalist society. Oil companies use this to their advantage, to build their profit margin. For example, in Canada women earn an average of 71 cents for every dollar a man makes. The higher end of occupations, such as senior management positions show a larger wage gap with women making 68 cents for every dollar a man makes. The female senior managers in the oil industry make a sparse 57 cents for every dollar earned by a man. In Canada alone millions of people work in the oil industry, when all sectors of it are examined, this unequal renumeration adds up. Crown Oil is another example of the blatant mistreatment of women and minority workers shown all to often by large mulitnationals. Henry Rosenberg, the CEO and Chairman of Crown Oil is the focus of a gender and racial discrimination lawsuit brought about by eight workers and management staff. Upon receiving service awards, female employees were expected to give Rosenberg a kiss. Crown is full of racial discrimination too, racist flyers were being circulated before the lawsuit was issued. These are a few examples of the subordination women must face in the oil industry."

Needless to say, that there is no place for such gender discrimination in the modern day and age. These issues need to be resolved as soon as possible. Women should be encouraged to enter the field of petroleum engineering to pursue their career. However that will be only be possible if their interests and dignity is protected.

Champions League Final 2008

Today is the 21st of May 2008. The stage is set up for a great football match between two the best teams in Europe, Manchester United and Chelsea. The two teams finished first and second respectively in the recently concluded Barclays Premiership Season. United will be playing their third european cup final ever, while chelsea will be making their first appearance. Both sides know that it doesn't get any bigger than this and will be looking to record their place in history.
Both teams are injury free will be playing their best 11 out there. It is an evenly matched contest and the two teams cannot be separated on paper. There will however be two contrasting footballing styles on display. United playing with more attacking flair while Chelsea playing a more powerful and direct style of football. I am hoping for a memorable night for football and a United victory to honor the busby babes (Munich-1958) in best possible way.
Fifty years on - the world is watching.

Ten Tips for Successful Public Speaking

Know the room.
Be familiar with the place in which you will speak.
Arrive early, walk around the speaking area and practice using the microphone and any visual aids.

Know the audience.
Greet some of the audience as they arrive.
It's easier to speak to a group of friends than to a group of strangers.

Know your material.
Practice your speech and revise it if necessary.
If you're not familiar with your material or are uncomfortable with it, your nervousness will increase.

Relax.
Ease tension by doing exercises.

Visualize yourself giving your speech.
Imagine yourself speaking, your voice loud, clear, and assured.
When you visualize yourself as successful, you will be successful.

Realize that people want you to succeed.
They don't want you to fail.
Audiences want you to be interesting, stimulating, informative, and entertaining.

Don't apologize.
If you mention your nervousness or apologize for any problems you think you have with your speech, you may be calling the audience's attention to something they hadn't noticed. Keep silent.

Concentrate on the message -- not the medium.
Focus your attention away from your own anxieties, and outwardly toward your message and your audience.
Your nervousness will dissipate.

Turn nervousness into positive energy.
Harness your nervous energy and transform it into vitality and enthusiasm.

Gain experience.
Experience builds confidence, which is the key to effective speaking.
A Toastmasters club can provide the experience you need.

Reproduced with permission from Toastmasters International
"Ten Tips for Successful Public Speaking" as found at http://www.toastmasters.org/tips.htm (10/2002)

Oil sets record near $128

News that Saudi Arabia had boosted its oil output by 300,000 barrels a day was greeted as a non-event on oil markets — the move wasn't anywhere near the kind of production increase needed to bring prices down on Friday.

And traders were equally unimpressed by the U.S. government's plan to stop adding to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

One day, two moves designed to allay concerns about an overheated oil market that's squeezing motorists and inflating the prices of all sorts of goods.

The response in the oil trading pits? Traders did what they've been doing for months now, and pushed crude oil and gasoline futures to new highs.

"All in all, we're seeing another strong move here on little fundamental news," said Jim Ritterbusch, president of Ritterbusch & Associates, an oil trading advisory firm in Galena, Ill.

The reason for the disconnect has little to do with political decisions in Washington or Riyadh, and everything to do with market expectations. The Saudi production increase was seen in the market as minuscule, and no one expected the suspension of shipments to the U.S. government's Strategic Petroleum Reserve to have much impact on supplies.

Even more important, the traders placing the bets expect prices to just keep moving higher.

Goldman Sachs, one of the world's most influential investment banks, underscored that sentiment Friday when it hiked its oil price forecast for the second half of the year to $141 a barrel, up from $107 previously. Analysts at the bank argue that the oil market is undergoing a "structural repricing" that will continue to play out for some time to come.

"We would view any pullback in oil, regardless of the size or duration — although a correction could be as large as 15 percent — as an opportunity to re-establish long positions in oil before the summer," Goldman Sachs advised traders.

Translation: Buy when barrels go on sale, because prices are bound to keep heading higher.

And buy they did Friday. The price for a barrel of benchmark light, sweet crude for June delivery jumped $2.17 to settle at record close of $126.29 on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Earlier in the session, prices surged to $127.82 a barrel, also a new high.

It was the eighth time in the past 10 sessions traders rewrote the record books, and the first time prices topped $127 a barrel.

Investors shrugged off the news from Saudi Oil Minister Ali al-Naimi that the world's largest oil producer had decided to increase production last week. The market also had little reaction to the Energy Department's announcement said it would cancel shipments into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve for six months beginning July 1.

"It's ridiculous because I don't think this is going to bring the price down," said Phil Flynn, an analyst at Alaron Trading Corp., of the Energy Department's move.

The effect of Saudi Arabia's decision was also not clear. The increase, which went into effect last Saturday, is relatively small, lifting total output from the world's leading producer to 9.45 million barrels per day by June.

The addition of "300,000 barrels won't make a lot of difference," said Mir Yousufuddin, who monitors crude prices for the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

The announcement came during a visit by Bush, who was in the kingdom to appeal for a more significant increase in production. Bernard Picchi, an energy analyst at research firm Wall Street Access, called the increase "a token amount" and said the effect on prices would have been different if Saudi Arabia had boosted production by 1 million or 1.5 million barrels a day.

Saudi Arabia often adjusts its output to meet demand, and the increase coincides with the start of the peak driving season in the U.S. The Middle Eastern nation has in the past acknowledged the ability to produce as much as 11 million barrels a day.

Online Oil and Gas Engineering Degree Programs

In an era of dwindling resources and the retirement of experienced engineering professionals, newly trained oil and gas engineers will remain in high demand, according to the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Online colleges and universities now offer advanced master's degree programs in oil and gas specializations to help qualify new engineers for the profession.

Career Training in Oil and Gas Engineering
Oil and gas engineering professionals work on the discovery, development, and production output of energy reserves. In online career training courses, engineers study technical as well as managerial aspects of the energy industry. Classes may include chemistry, geophysics, seismology, plate tectonics, drilling methodology, well placement theory, and resource recovery techniques.

Advanced Online Classes Can Boost Engineering Pay
A 2006 Gallup survey released by the Society for Petroleum Engineers showed that domestic gas engineers with advanced degrees earned 30 percent more on average than those with only an undergraduate degree. Length of experience is also a prime factor in career advancement.

Pennsylvania State University
Penn State World Campus offers the following online oil and gas engineering degree:

• Master of Engineering in Oil and Gas Engineering Management

Penn State is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Robert Gordon University (UK)
Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, Scotland, offers the following online master's degree in oil and gas engineering:

• Master of Science in Oil & Gas Engineering

Texas A & M University
Texas A&M University offers the following online petroleum engineering degree:

• Master of Engineering (MEng) in Petroleum Engineering

Texas A&M University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).

Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University offers a Master of Science in Petroleum Engineering entirely at a distance. The degree is designed for those who desire a deeper academic understanding of petroleum engineering or who want to work in research or development. This program prepares students to assume responsibility in technical and managerial areas within the oil and gas industry. Accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Intel Youth Network

Well today i finally got hold of my Intel Youth Network membership card. I had joined the network a few of months earlier. I was then requested to submit a digital photograph that was to be placed on the Intel Youth Network Membership cards. Today i received the package containing my membership card and i love it.

Intel Youth Network is community consisting youths who act as Intel brand advocates. It is basically a marketing scheme where the members encourage people around them to purchase Intel processor and computers. membership is absolutely free for a lifetime. You neither have to do anything nor pay anything to Intel in return. By help Intel sell their goods you can earn some points for each sale that you are credited for. These points can be converted into some great prizes and gifts. Moreover being an Intel Youth Network Members allows you to enjoy discounts and free offers from Intel and their Brand partners (Puma, Supernet, Aqua Lounge and others).
Therefore it is a win win situation for all.Those of you who don't know about the Intel Youth Network should read about it on their homepage.

Gus Archie Scholarship Program

The Gus Archie Scholarship Programs is an initiative by the SPE to provide financial support to deserving students from around the world. Here is what the spe website says,

"The Gus Archie Memorial Scholarship is supported by the Archie Fund of the SPE Foundation. Each year the SPE Foundation, working through the SPE Section Scholarship Support Program, as well as working with individual applicants, awards the Archie Scholarship to the most outstanding incoming first-time university student. The curriculum must lead to an undergraduate degree in petroleum engineering.

The Archie Fund endows each scholarship at $6,000 per year. The program contemplates support of an individual student through four years of university study, provided that he/she makes satisfactory academic progress. The program ordinarily requires a GPA of 3.0/4.0 or higher for the current semester and a GPA of 3.0/4.0 or higher on a cumulative basis. Students rotate off the program after 4 years of scholarship support."

The qualification and application procedure is given on the SPE website, over here. You can also find other scholarships offered to students of petroleum engineering by the SPE, over here.

Download petroleum engineering books for free

Petroleum engineering books are generally very expensive and most students cannot afford to purchase them. The best option they have is to use a library. However there is a limit to the amount of books one can borrow from a library. Another way is to scan the book and make a pdf file and store it on your pc for reference. You can have a whole library of scanned books on your pc. However you will require a scanner to scan all those pages.
There remains however another option to access those expensive books; the option of sharing. The website 4shared.com has a collection of many petroleum engineering books, shared by the users of the website. You can download these books for your own use. All the books are actually scanned copies, as discussed earlier. Here is a list of a few titles that can be found at 4shared.com

• HANDBOOK OF PETROLEUM REFINING PROCESSES
• William D. McCain - The Properties of Petroleum Fluids
• William C. - Standard Handbook of Petroleum and Natural Gas
• Micheal Economides - Petroleum Production Systems
• Craft - Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering

Disclaimer: The books available on 4shared.com are all copyrighted and any copyright infringement is liable to be punished. Please refer to the copyright of the individual books for further information. This post is for informational purposes only. Readers must use 4shared.com at their own risk. Abdur Rafay Zafar and arzafar.com do not take any responsibility for any copyright infringement caused by sharing and downloading books and files from 4shared.com.